According to NH Fish and Game Department, Eastern coyotes are now established in every county across New Hampshire and have been since the 1980s. Over the years, coyotes have adapted remarkably well to living near people. Sightings are no longer limited to rural areas—suburbs, neighborhoods, and even town centers regularly report coyote activity, especially in winter.
Ecosystem management consultant Rick Van de Poll has long noted that “coyotes have learned how to survive in neighborhoods and suburbs. You’ll see coyotes everywhere.” That observation is even more relevant today.
Why January Matters: Peak Mating Season in New Hampshire
January through March marks peak coyote mating season in New Hampshire. During this time, coyotes become:
- More active and wide-ranging, traveling longer distances to find mates
- More territorial and vocal, often howling, yipping, or barking at night
- More visible during daylight, due to food scarcity and winter conditions
Both parents play a role in raising young, and in some cases older offspring assist as well. After mating season, four to eight pups are typically born in early May.
Cold weather increases calorie needs, pushing coyotes to hunt more frequently and closer to human homes. Snow cover and leafless trees also make them easier to spot—but it works both ways: pets are more visible to coyotes, too.
Increased Risk for Pets During Winter
Most negative coyote encounters in New Hampshire involve unattended pets, particularly:
- Cats allowed to roam outdoors
- Small dogs left in yards, especially with invisible fencing
- Larger dogs perceived as territorial threats during mating season
Coyotes may see small pets as prey and larger dogs as rivals, particularly between January and March.
How to Coexist Safely with Coyotes in NH
Coyotes are a permanent part of New Hampshire’s ecosystem. The goal is not eradication—but coexistence while keeping pets and people safe. Wildlife experts recommend the following steps:
1. Eliminate Food Temptations
Never feed coyotes or other wildlife—it is unsafe and illegal. Feeding wildlife teaches coyotes to associate people with food.
Remove or secure attractants such as:
- Fallen fruit
- Pet food left outdoors
- Dirty grills
- Unsecured trash or compost.
Use heavy-duty, animal-proof containers and encourage neighbors to do the same.
2. Practice Backyard Safety
- Keep cats indoors and supervise dogs outside, especially at night
- Do not rely on fencing alone—coyotes can climb and dig
- A coyote-resistant enclosure uses 6-foot fencing with the bottom extending 2 feet underground
- Turn on lights and scan your yard before letting pets out
- Carry noisemakers (whistle, horn, cowbell) to scare coyotes if needed
3. Keep Rabies Vaccinations Up to Date
Rabies in coyotes is rare, but possible. Keeping your pet’s rabies vaccination current can be life-saving if contact occurs.
4. Walk Dogs on a Short Leash
Use a leash no longer than 6 feet and keep dogs close to you. Coyotes are far less likely to approach when a human is clearly present and engaged.
5. Avoid Den and High-Activity Areas
Stick to open, well-lit spaces when walking dogs. Avoid dense brush, rocky crevices, and areas with repeated coyote sightings—especially in late winter and early spring.
6. Know What to Do If You Encounter a Coyote
- Keep your distance; do not run or turn your back
- Make yourself look larger—raise arms, yell, clap, stomp
- Throw sticks or rocks near (not at) the coyote to reinforce boundaries
- Air horns or citronella spray can be effective deterrents
- Keep pets and children close and never allow a coyote to get between you
- If you feel threatened, call 911
Pepper spray is not recommended, as it can harm both you and your dog.
How to Identify a Coyote
Coyotes are often mistaken for dogs. One key difference: coyotes run with their tails pointed downward, unlike most domestic dogs.
If you see a coyote behaving strangely or suspect rabies, contact your local police department and New Hampshire Fish and Game at (603) 271-3421.
The Bottom Line for January 2026
Coyotes are not “more dangerous” in winter—but they are more active, visible, territorial, and hungry. January is the time for increased awareness, supervision, and smart habits, especially for pet owners.
With vigilance and responsible coexistence, New Hampshire residents can protect their pets while allowing wildlife to remain wild.
